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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Developing a feasible and sensitive judgement bias task in dairy cows.

Louise Kremer1,2, Cornelis G van Reenen3,4, Bas Engel5

  • 1Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands. louise.kremer@wur.nl.

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Summary

Developing judgement bias tasks (JBTs) for adult dairy cows is crucial for assessing animal welfare. An air puff punisher showed the most sensitivity in JBTs, though repeatability remains a challenge.

Keywords:
Affective stateCowsFeasibilityJudgement biasPunisherSensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Welfare Science
  • Cognitive Bias Research
  • Livestock Behaviour

Background:

  • Judgement bias tasks (JBTs) assess animal affective states, but existing methods often focus on calves, not adult cows.
  • Developing species- and age-appropriate JBTs is essential for accurate welfare assessment in livestock.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a judgement bias task (JBT) suitable for adult dairy cows.
  • To evaluate the feasibility, validity, sensitivity, and repeatability of three distinct JBTs using different punishers.

Main Methods:

  • Three JBTs were designed where cows learned to approach or avoid a feeder based on reward/punisher cues.
  • Punishers included no-reward, air puff, or electric shock, with cows tested twice on ambiguous feeder locations.
  • Learning speed, correct response proportion, and latency to feeder were analyzed for feasibility, validity, and sensitivity.

Main Results:

  • The study demonstrated the validity of spatial JBTs for adult dairy cows.
  • The air puff punisher resulted in the most sensitive JBT, though task repeatability was not supported across repetitions.
  • Feasibility was nuanced, but the punisher significantly influenced JBT sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial JBTs are valid for assessing adult dairy cow affective states.
  • An air puff punisher offers the most sensitive JBT for dairy cows, despite current limitations in repeatability.
  • Further refinement is needed to enhance the repeatability of JBTs for adult dairy cows.