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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

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The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
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The Micturition Reflex01:26

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Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

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Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
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Outcome of Urinary Bladder Dysfunction in Children.

Sherif M El-Desoky1,2, Mai Banakhar3, Khalid Khashoggi4

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia. sherifd68@hotmail.com.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|October 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Children with bladder dysfunction have an 89% 10-year survival rate. Neurologic bladder (NB) significantly increases mortality risk compared to valve bladder syndrome (VBS).

Keywords:
Dysfunctional voiding syndromeNeurogenic bladderPost valve bladder

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Nephrology
  • Pediatric Surgery

Background:

  • Bladder dysfunction is common in children, with neurologic bladder (NB), dysfunctional voiding syndrome (DVS), and valve bladder syndrome (VBS) as frequent causes.
  • Understanding long-term outcomes and associated morbidities is crucial for managing pediatric bladder dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the 10-year survival rate in children with bladder dysfunction.
  • To identify factors influencing survival and morbidity, including etiology, GFR, and age at presentation.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study included 199 children with bladder dysfunction (60 VBS, 75 DVS, 64 NB).
  • Data analyzed included 10-year survival rates, morbidities, baseline GFR, and age at presentation.

Main Results:

  • The overall 10-year survival rate was 89%.
  • Mortality was 11 times higher in NB patients compared to VBS patients (p=0.02).
  • GFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m² increased mortality sixfold (p=0.007), and late presentation (>5 years) increased mortality/RRT risk fivefold (p=0.013).

Conclusions:

  • Etiology of bladder dysfunction, baseline GFR, and age at presentation are significant predictors of survival and morbidity in children.
  • Early diagnosis and intervention are critical for improving long-term outcomes in pediatric bladder dysfunction.