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Related Concept Videos

Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Bacterial Phylum Chlamydiae01:29

Bacterial Phylum Chlamydiae

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The phylum Chlamydiae or Chlamydiota is composed of a single order, Chlamydiales. This phylum consists entirely of obligate intracellular parasites that infect eukaryotic hosts. While human pathogens within this group have been studied extensively, the phylum encompasses many species capable of interacting with various eukaryotic organisms. Members of Chlamydiae are typically small cocci, approximately 0.5 μm in diameter, and exhibit a distinctive developmental cycle. As is characteristic...
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Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes01:30

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

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Spirochetes, unique bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetes, are gram-negative, motile, tightly coiled, slender, and flexible. They inhabit aquatic sediments and animals, with some causing diseases like syphilis. Spirochetes are classified into eight genera based on habitat, pathogenicity, phylogeny, and characteristics.Their distinctive motility arises from endoflagella, located within the cell’s periplasm. These endoflagella anchor at the cell poles and extend along the cell length, encased...
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Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes01:24

Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes

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The phylum Tenericutes, which includes the single class Mollicutes, comprises bacteria that lack cell walls. The term "Mollicutes" derives from the Latin word mollis, meaning "soft." These organisms are among the smallest known and are commonly referred to as mycoplasmas due to the prominence of the genus Mycoplasma, which includes well-known human pathogens. Despite their inability to stain gram-positively (a result of their lack of cell walls), mycoplasmas are phylogenetically related to the...
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Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

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The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair...
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Diversity of Protists II01:27

Diversity of Protists II

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Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
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Chlamydia and Gonorrhea.

Julia C Dombrowski1

  • 1University of Washington and Public Health - Seattle & King County, Seattle, Washington (J.C.D.).

Annals of Internal Medicine
|October 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Record-high rates of gonorrhea and chlamydia necessitate screening for asymptomatic patients. Untreated infections can cause infertility and facilitate HIV, highlighting the need for updated primary care treatment knowledge.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Sexual Health

Background:

  • Sexually transmitted infections, including gonorrhea and chlamydia, have reached unprecedented levels in the U.S.
  • Asymptomatic cases are common, complicating detection and management.
  • Untreated infections pose significant risks, including infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, and increased HIV transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the rising rates of gonorrhea and chlamydia.
  • To emphasize the importance of screening asymptomatic individuals, especially key demographics.
  • To inform primary care providers about critical updates in treatment recommendations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current epidemiological data on gonorrhea and chlamydia.

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  • Analysis of clinical guidelines for screening and management.
  • Synthesis of information on potential complications and HIV co-infection.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant increases in gonorrhea and chlamydia incidence over the last decade.
    • Identification of high-risk populations requiring targeted screening.
    • Documentation of severe sequelae from untreated infections.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management hinges on screening asymptomatic individuals, particularly young women and men who have sex with men.
    • Primary care providers must stay informed about evolving treatment protocols for gonorrhea and chlamydia.
    • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term health consequences and onward transmission.