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Peer review and its ethical implications.

Franklin C Margaron1, Christian S McEvoy1, Kristina A Toncray2

  • 1Department of Surgery, Naval Hospital, Portsmouth, VA, United States.

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|October 12, 2021
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Summary

Peer review is vital for healthcare safety and quality, fostering a just culture by viewing errors as systemic. This review explores its benefits, drawbacks, and ethical foundations in medical practice.

Keywords:
EthicsImpaired providerJust culturePeer reviewSystems

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare Quality Improvement
  • Medical Ethics
  • Patient Safety

Background:

  • Peer review is crucial for modern healthcare institutions aiming for high safety and quality standards.
  • It promotes a just culture, framing errors as system-related rather than individual failures.
  • Understanding the ethical underpinnings of peer review is essential for its effective implementation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the benefits and drawbacks of peer review in healthcare.
  • To examine the intersection of peer review with core principles of medical ethics.
  • To argue for peer review's foundation in ethical principles like beneficence and justice.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing literature on peer review.
  • The review focuses on the interface between peer review processes and medical ethics.
  • Ethical principles such as beneficence, justice, non-maleficence, and autonomy are considered.

Main Results:

  • Peer review enhances healthcare safety and quality by promoting systemic error analysis.
  • The ideal peer review system is built upon beneficence and justice.
  • Potential drawbacks exist but are outweighed by the benefits when ethically applied.

Conclusions:

  • Peer review is an indispensable tool for achieving healthcare safety and quality goals.
  • Ethical principles, particularly beneficence and justice, are fundamental to effective peer review.
  • Properly implemented, peer review supports a just culture and systemic improvement in healthcare.