Learning curve for total thoracoscopic lobectomy for treating pediatric patients with congenital lung malformation

Pediatric thoracoscopic lobectomy is a technically challenging procedure that may result in better pain control, better cosmetic results, and shorter hospital stay. However, data describing the learning curve of total thoracoscopic lobectomy (TTL) have yet to be obtained. To evaluate our learning curve for TTL in children, we reviewed the safety and efficiency of our initial experiences with TTL in pediatric patients with congenital lung malformation.

This was a retrospective study of all pediatric patients undergoing TTL between March 2011 and January 2017. Cumulative summation (CUSUM) analysis of operative time (OT) was used.

One hundred patients were retrospectively analyzed and chronologically divided into three phases: the ascending (A), plateau (B), and descending (C) phases of CUSUM of OT. Phases A, B, and C comprised 35, 22, and 43 cases, respectively. OT decreased significantly from phases A to B (P = 0.035) and B to C (P = 0.019). Age and weight of patients both reduced significantly from phase A to B (p = 0.017 and p = 0.012, respectively), while the two measures did not vary from phase B to C (p = 0.987 and p = 0.874, respectively). Chest tube duration and length of hospital stay had similar trend. All complications occurred in five cases in phase A (5/35). Six cases were converted to open surgery (6%). Four conversions occurred within phase A and two in phase C (4/35 vs 2/43, p = 0.490). There were no mortalities.

Repeated standardized training plays a role in overcoming the learning curve for thoracoscopic lobectomy in children, and CUSUM_OT indicates that a learning curve of approximately 57 cases is required in our institute.