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Anatomical Movements

Anatomical Movements

Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 17, 2025

A Simple and Low-cost Assay for Measuring Ambulation in Mouse Models of Muscular Dystrophy

A Simple and Low-cost Assay for Measuring Ambulation in Mouse Models of Muscular Dystrophy

Published on: December 29, 2017

Humans use minimum cost movements in a whole-body task.

Lijia Liu¹, Dana Ballard²

¹Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. lijialiu@utexas.edu.

Scientific Reports

|October 12, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human movements, like tracing curves, show consistent patterns across individuals. This study suggests these consistent movement strategies are chosen to minimize energy expenditure, optimizing human biomechanics.

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Last Updated: Oct 17, 2025

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Low-Cost Gait Analysis for Behavioral Phenotyping of Mouse Models of Neuromuscular Disease

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Published on: July 18, 2019

Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Human Movement Science
Robotics

Background:

Human musculoskeletal systems are complex, yet common movements exhibit stereotypical patterns.
Energetic cost is a significant factor in many human movements like walking and reaching.
Previous research indicated consistent posture sequences across subjects during whole-body curve tracing.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if humans select movement trajectories that minimize energetic cost.
To test the hypothesis that movement economy influences the choice of general human movements.
To explain the observed commonalities in posture sequences during arbitrary whole-body movements.

Main Methods:

Utilized a forty-eight degree of freedom human dynamic model.
Computed movement costs for nominal and perturbed tracing trajectories.
Compared energetic costs between different movement patterns using the dynamic model.

Main Results:

Perturbed tracings were found to be more energetically expensive than nominal tracings.
Movement cost analysis supported the hypothesis of minimum cost selection.
Data infers that original movement traces were chosen based on minimum energy expenditure.

Conclusions:

Human movement strategies, even for arbitrary tasks, appear to be optimized for energetic economy.
Minimum cost principles likely underlie the observed consistency in human movement patterns.
Understanding movement cost is crucial for explaining general human motor control and biomechanics.