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Related Concept Videos

Visual System01:26

Visual System

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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
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Vision01:24

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

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The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
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Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Realization of an Artificial Visual Nervous System using an Integrated Optoelectronic Device Array.

Tae-Ju Lee1, Kwang-Ro Yun2, Su-Kyung Kim2

  • 1Department of Nanophotonics, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|October 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study demonstrates a novel artificial photoreceptor with sensory adaptation capabilities, mimicking biological systems. This bioinspired electronic system efficiently filters light stimuli, advancing neuromorphic device technology.

Keywords:
artificial synapsesperovskite patterningpolymer electrolytessensory adaptation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Human behavior involves complex responses to external stimuli processed by sensory receptors.
  • Sensory adaptation is a fundamental neural process that filters irrelevant information for efficient stimulus processing.
  • Developing bioinspired neuromorphic electronic systems requires emulating organ functionality beyond the cellular level.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a dynamic, real-time photoadaptation process in an artificial photoreceptor.
  • To enable electronic devices, specifically spiking neural networks, to possess sensory adaptation capabilities.
  • To advance neuromorphic device technology through bioinspired sensory adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • An artificial photoreceptor was designed and subjected to repeated optical irradiation (light stimuli).
  • The device generated filtered electrical signals and adapting signals via a neurotransistor.
  • The circuit's ability to adjust sensitivity to varying light intensities (bright/dark) was tested.

Main Results:

  • The artificial photoreceptor exhibited dynamic, real-time photoadaptation to light stimuli.
  • The neurotransistor produced postsynaptic states that varied with environmental light conditions, mimicking biological responses.
  • The circuit successfully adjusted its sensitivity to accommodate changes in light intensity.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully demonstrated plausible biological sensory adaptation in an artificial system.
  • The proposed artificial photoreceptor circuits show potential for enhancing neuromorphic device technology.
  • This bioinspired approach offers a pathway for creating electronic devices with environmental responsiveness similar to the human brain.