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Brain Injury Patterns in Neonates With Hypernatremic Dehydration: Single Center Experience
Anju Meena1, Anurag Singh1, Vishnu Kumar Goyal2
1Department of Pediatrics, Dr SN Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan.
Indian Pediatrics
|October 12, 2021
Summary
Brain lesions, including edema, hemorrhage, and thrombosis, are common in neonatal hypernatremic dehydration. Edema most frequently impacts the subcortical white matter in affected infants.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal neurology
- Pediatric radiology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Neonatal hypernatremic dehydration is a critical condition.
- Neurological complications can arise from severe dehydration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence, types, and locations of brain lesions in neonates with hypernatremic dehydration.
- To correlate brain injury with the severity of hypernatremia.
Main Methods:
- Prospective enrollment of 100 neonates with hypernatremic dehydration.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain performed on 93 neonates to assess neurological injury.
Main Results:
- Brain lesions were identified in 45.2% of neonates.
- Edema (39.8%) was the most frequent finding, followed by hemorrhage (13.9%) and thrombosis (6.4%).
- Edema primarily affected juxtacortical/subcortical white matter; hemorrhage occurred in occipital horns; thrombosis involved cerebral sinuses. Lesions were seen in severe hypernatremia cases.
Conclusions:
- Edema is the most common neurological lesion in neonatal hypernatremic dehydration.
- Hemorrhage and thrombosis are less frequent but significant findings.
- Juxtacortical/subcortical white matter is the most vulnerable brain region.
