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Related Concept Videos

Correspondence Bias01:17

Correspondence Bias

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Correspondence bias, also referred to as the fundamental attribution error, describes the tendency to attribute another person’s behavior to internal characteristics rather than situational influences. This cognitive bias leads individuals to overlook external factors that may be influencing actions, thereby fostering potentially inaccurate assessments of others’ intentions and dispositions.Empirical Evidence for Correspondence BiasResearch has consistently demonstrated the...
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The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

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In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
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Bias01:22

Bias

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Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
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Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments01:14

Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments

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The straight or branched structure formation of actin filaments is controlled by nucleating proteins such as the formins and Arp2/3 complex. Formin-mediated assembly results in straight filaments, whereas Arp2/3 protein complex-mediated assembly results in branched actin filaments.
Arp2/3 Complex
Arp2/3 complex is a seven-subunit complex consisting of two proteins similar to actin- Arp2 and Arp3, and five other subunits that help keep Arp2 and Arp3 inactive. When required, the complex is...
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Allosteric Proteins-ATCase01:19

Allosteric Proteins-ATCase

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Binding sites linkages can regulate a protein's function.  For example, enzyme activity is often regulated through a feedback mechanism where the end product of the biochemical process serves as an inhibitor.
Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of L-aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate to  N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate. This reaction is the first step in pyrimidine biosynthesis. UTP and CTP, the end products of the pyrimidine synthesis...
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Polarity of the Cytoskeleton01:18

Polarity of the Cytoskeleton

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The intrinsic polarity of cells can be primarily attributed to two factors- i) the asymmetric accumulation of mobile components such are regulatory molecules and subcellular components across the cell and ii) the orientation of polar cytoskeletal filaments that make up the cytoskeletal networks, specifically microfilaments, and microtubules arranged along the axis of polarity. Interactions between the cytoskeletal filaments are crucial for the establishment and maintenance of the polar nature...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Parallel Interrogation of β-Arrestin2 Recruitment for Ligand Screening on a GPCR-Wide Scale using PRESTO-Tango Assay
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Parallel Interrogation of β-Arrestin2 Recruitment for Ligand Screening on a GPCR-Wide Scale using PRESTO-Tango Assay

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Permanently biased toward arrestins.

John F Foley1

  • 1Science Signaling, AAAS, Washington, DC 20005, USA.

Science Signaling
|October 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Seven-transmembrane receptors D6R and C5aR2 demonstrate natural β-arrestin bias. This finding advances understanding of biased agonism in G protein-coupled receptor signaling.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Seven-transmembrane receptors (7TMRs) mediate cellular responses to diverse stimuli.
  • β-arrestins are key regulators of 7TMR signaling, acting as scaffolds and signal transducers.
  • Biased agonism describes ligands that preferentially activate specific signaling pathways of a receptor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize natural examples of β-arrestin–biased receptors.
  • To investigate the signaling properties of D6R and C5aR2 in the context of β-arrestin bias.

Main Methods:

  • Receptor expression and characterization in cellular systems.
  • Ligand binding assays.
  • β-arrestin recruitment assays.
  • Downstream signaling pathway analysis.

More Related Videos

Monitoring GPCR-β-arrestin1/2 Interactions in Real Time Living Systems to Accelerate Drug Discovery
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A Semi-High-Throughput Adaptation of the NADH-Coupled ATPase Assay for Screening Small Molecule Inhibitors
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A Semi-High-Throughput Adaptation of the NADH-Coupled ATPase Assay for Screening Small Molecule Inhibitors

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Parallel Interrogation of β-Arrestin2 Recruitment for Ligand Screening on a GPCR-Wide Scale using PRESTO-Tango Assay
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Parallel Interrogation of β-Arrestin2 Recruitment for Ligand Screening on a GPCR-Wide Scale using PRESTO-Tango Assay

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Monitoring GPCR-β-arrestin1/2 Interactions in Real Time Living Systems to Accelerate Drug Discovery
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A Semi-High-Throughput Adaptation of the NADH-Coupled ATPase Assay for Screening Small Molecule Inhibitors
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A Semi-High-Throughput Adaptation of the NADH-Coupled ATPase Assay for Screening Small Molecule Inhibitors

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Main Results:

  • The seven-transmembrane receptors D6R and C5aR2 were identified as natural instances of β-arrestin–biased receptors.
  • Specific signaling profiles for D6R and C5aR2 were elucidated, highlighting their biased nature.

Conclusions:

  • D6R and C5aR2 serve as valuable models for studying β-arrestin–biased receptor pharmacology.
  • These findings contribute to the understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling diversity and therapeutic potential.