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Stroke at Moderate and High Altitude.

Maryam J Syed1, Ismail A Khatri2,3,4, Wasim Alamgir5

  • 1Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.

High Altitude Medicine & Biology
|October 12, 2021
PubMed
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Stroke at high altitude is understudied, with rising incidence anticipated due to increased access. Cerebral venous thrombosis is more common than arterial stroke in these regions.

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high altitudeinfarctionmoderate altitudestrokethrombosis

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Altitude Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Stroke at high altitude remains an understudied area in medical research.
  • Increased accessibility to high-altitude regions for living and recreation is leading to anticipated rises in stroke incidence.
  • Physiological changes associated with high altitude may contribute to increased stroke risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the existing literature on stroke occurring at moderate and high altitudes.
  • To identify gaps in knowledge regarding the incidence, prevalence, mechanisms, and outcomes of high-altitude stroke.
  • To highlight the potential significance of high-altitude stroke as a distinct clinical subset.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and other scientific search engines.
  • Relevant case series, case reports, and review articles on stroke at high altitude were identified and cross-referenced.
  • The review focused on studies reporting data from moderate and high-altitude environments.

Main Results:

  • The available literature on stroke at high and extreme altitudes is limited, with most data originating from moderate and high altitudes.
  • Cerebral venous thrombosis appears to be more prevalent than arterial stroke in high-altitude populations.
  • Stroke in these regions is likely associated with conventional risk factors, polycythemia, and other coagulopathies.

Conclusions:

  • Stroke at high altitude is an emerging and understudied clinical problem with potentially increasing incidence.
  • Current knowledge regarding high-altitude stroke incidence, prevalence, mechanisms, and outcomes is inadequate.
  • Further research, such as case-control studies, is needed to identify at-risk populations and understand stroke etiology at moderate and high altitudes.