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Related Concept Videos

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
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Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
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Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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A Strategy to Identify de Novo Mutations in Common Disorders such as Autism and Schizophrenia
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Epigenetics of Schizophrenia.

Anil Srivastava1, Oluwagbenga Dada1, Jessica Qian1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto.

Psychiatry Research
|October 12, 2021
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Epigenetic factors like DNA methylation and micro-RNA may explain schizophrenia's genetic basis. Further research into these mechanisms could reveal new diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for schizophrenia.

Keywords:
DNA methylationSchizophreniaepigeneticshistone acetylation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex psychotic disorder with significant heritability.
  • Genetic studies have not fully elucidated the underlying causes of schizophrenia.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms offer potential explanations for SCZ development by altering gene expression without changing DNA sequence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on epigenetic mechanisms implicated in schizophrenia.
  • To highlight the role of DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA in SCZ.
  • To discuss epigenetic age acceleration, telomere shortening, and their relevance to schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on DNA methylation in peripheral and post-mortem brain samples from SCZ patients.
  • Analysis of studies investigating histone modifications and non-coding RNAs (e.g., micro-RNA) in schizophrenia.
  • Examination of research on epigenetic age acceleration and telomere shortening in the context of SCZ.

Main Results:

  • DNA methylation patterns are altered in both peripheral tissues and brain samples of individuals with schizophrenia.
  • Histone modifications and non-coding RNAs, particularly micro-RNAs, play a significant role in SCZ pathogenesis.
  • Epigenetic age acceleration and telomere shortening are associated with schizophrenia, suggesting a link to cellular aging processes.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial for understanding the complex etiology of schizophrenia.
  • Micro-RNAs show promise as potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for SCZ.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate epigenetic contributions to schizophrenia and develop targeted interventions.