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Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Gliomas.

Paulina Śledzińska1,2, Marek G Bebyn2,3, Jacek Furtak4,5

  • 1Department of Thoracic Surgery and Tumors, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-067 Torun, Poland.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New biomarkers like IDH mutations and H3F3A alterations are crucial for glioma prognosis and treatment. Liquid biopsies offer promising future diagnostic and predictive capabilities for brain tumors.

Keywords:
WHO CNS5biomarkerbrain neoplasmsgliomasliquid biopsypredictive valueprognosis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Gliomas are primary central nervous system tumors.
  • Recent advancements in genetic research and statistical methods are transforming glioma treatment.
  • The 2021 WHO Classification of CNS Tumors integrated molecular biomarkers, altering glioma classification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest research on prognostic and predictive biomarkers in gliomas.
  • To highlight key molecular markers influencing glioma diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on glioma biomarkers.
  • Analysis of molecular alterations and their clinical significance.
  • Discussion of emerging technologies like liquid biopsies.

Main Results:

  • In adults, IDH mutations are key prognostic markers; CDKN2A deletion indicates high malignancy in IDH-mutant astrocytomas.
  • TERT promoter mutations, EGFR alterations, or chr7 gain/chr10 loss define IDH-wildtype astrocytoma as glioblastoma.
  • H3F3A alterations are critical prognostic markers in pediatric gliomas.
  • MGMT promoter methylation predicts temozolomide (TMZ) response, while mismatch repair defects predict poor response to TMZ.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular biomarkers significantly refine glioma classification and patient management.
  • IDH, H3F3A, CDKN2A, TERT, EGFR, and MGMT status are critical for predicting glioma outcomes.
  • Liquid biopsies show potential for glioma diagnostics and prognostics, requiring further clinical validation.