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Updated: Oct 17, 2025

An Adipocyte Cell Culture Model to Study the Impact of Protein and Micro-RNA Modulation on Adipocyte Function

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Published on: May 4, 2021

Adipokines as Immune Cell Modulators in Multiple Sclerosis.

Merel Rijnsburger¹, Niek Djuric¹, Inge A Mulder²

¹Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1108, 1181 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|October 13, 2021

Summary

Obesity increases multiple sclerosis (MS) risk. Adipokines, hormones from fat tissue, influence MS inflammation and neurodegeneration, offering potential new therapeutic targets for this chronic CNS disease.

Keywords:

adipokines demyelination immunology multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroinflammation obesity

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Area of Science:

Neuroimmunology
Endocrinology
Neurodegenerative Diseases

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic CNS inflammatory and demyelinating disease with significant patient impact.
Current therapies manage symptoms but don't halt neurological decline or reverse disability.
Obesity is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for MS development.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the interplay between adipokines and immune cells in MS pathology.
To summarize observed alterations in adipokine levels within MS patient cohorts.
To discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting adipokines for MS treatment.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on adipokine-immune cell interactions.
Analysis of studies examining adipokine levels in MS patients.
Evaluation of proof-of-concept therapeutic strategies involving adipokines.

Main Results:

Adipokines, hormones from white adipose tissue (WAT), are implicated in obesity-related chronic inflammation.
There is a reciprocal relationship between adipokines and immune cell function.
Altered adipokine profiles are observed in MS patients.

Conclusions:

Adipokines play a crucial role in the inflammatory processes underlying MS.
Understanding the adipokine-immune axis offers insights into MS etiology.
Adipokines represent a promising therapeutic avenue for addressing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in MS.