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Related Concept Videos

Pozzolans01:21

Pozzolans

239
Pozzolans are siliceous or aluminous materials blended with Portland cement. They interact with the calcium hydroxide produced during the hydration of Portland cement and contribute to improved strength and durability of concrete. The pozzolanic activity, a measure of a pozzolan's effectiveness, is typically assessed using the strength activity index, as defined in ASTM C 618-93, which calculates the ratio of the compressive strength of cement mixtures with and without pozzolan.
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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
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Additives and Fillers in Concrete01:29

Additives and Fillers in Concrete

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Additives and fillers are integral to enhancing the properties of concrete. Pozzolans and blast-furnace slag are additives or admixtures due to their reactions with calcium hydroxide released during cement hydration. Fillers, which are finely ground and similar in fineness to Portland cement, improve concrete attributes such as workability density, and reduce capillary bleeding or cracking. Some fillers possess hydraulic properties or participate in benign reactions within the cement paste.
The...
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Rigid Polyurethane Foams Modified with Biochar.

Katarzyna Uram1, Maria Kurańska1, Jacek Andrzejewski2

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Researchers developed biochar-modified rigid polyurethane foams for thermal insulation. Adding biochar up to 20 wt.% reduced foam density by 20% while maintaining excellent thermal conductivity and improving stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Rigid polyurethane foams are widely used as thermal insulation materials.
  • Enhancing the properties of these foams, such as density and stability, is crucial for improved performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the preparation and properties of biochar-modified rigid polyurethane foams.
  • To evaluate the potential of these modified foams as advanced thermal insulation materials.

Main Methods:

  • Biochar was incorporated into polyurethane systems at concentrations up to 20 wt.%.
  • The resulting foams were analyzed for changes in cell morphology, apparent density, thermal conductivity, and dimensional/thermal stability.

Main Results:

  • Biochar addition led to elongated foam cells and reduced cross-sectional areas.
  • Apparent densities decreased by up to 20% compared to unmodified foams.
  • Thermal conductivity was maintained at 25 mW/m·K, and dimensional and thermal stability were improved.

Conclusions:

  • Biochar is an effective modifier for rigid polyurethane foams.
  • Biochar-modified foams offer a promising route to lightweight, stable, and efficient thermal insulation materials.