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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

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Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

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Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
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Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
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The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Identifying Coronary Artery Calcification on Non-gated Computed Tomography Scans
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Should We Quantify Valvular Calcifications on Cardiac CT in Patients with Infective Endocarditis?

Virgile Chevance1, Remi Valter2, Mohamed Refaat Nouri1

  • 1AP-HP, Hopital Henri Mondor, Service de Radiologie, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|October 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Valvular calcifications measured by cardiac computed tomography (CCT) in infective endocarditis (IE) predict embolism risk and mortality in mitral IE. Quantification of calcifications on CCT is crucial for managing IE patients.

Keywords:
cardiac computed tomographycardiac imaging techniquesendocarditis bacterialvalve calcium scoring

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Radiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious infection affecting heart valves.
  • The role of valvular calcifications in IE prognosis is not fully understood.
  • Cardiac computed tomography (CCT) allows for detailed assessment of valvular calcifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of valvular calcifications, measured by CCT, on patient outcomes in infective endocarditis.
  • To determine the association between valvular calcifications and embolism risk, surgical intervention, and mortality.
  • To explore the relationship between calcifications and the type of causative bacteria in aortic IE.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy patients with native IE underwent CCT between January 2016 and April 2018.
  • Mitral and aortic valvular calcium scores (VCS) were measured using unenhanced calcium scoring images.
  • VCS were correlated with clinical data, surgical decisions, and 1-year mortality rates.

Main Results:

  • In mitral IE, higher VCS correlated with lower rates of peripheral embolism.
  • Patients with high mitral VCS (>100) had significantly lower surgical rates and higher 1-year mortality risk compared to those with low mitral VCS.
  • In aortic IE, high aortic VCS (>100) was associated with a higher prevalence of atypical bacteria in blood cultures.

Conclusions:

  • Valvular calcifications quantified by CCT are associated with embolism risk, surgical management, and 1-year mortality in mitral IE.
  • Calcification burden in aortic IE may correlate with specific bacterial types.
  • Systematic quantification of valvular calcifications in native IE warrants further investigation.