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Air content measurement in concrete is critical for ensuring structural integrity and durability of concrete structures, especially in environments prone to severe weather conditions. Accurate air content analysis optimizes concrete's resistance to freeze-thaw cycles and enhances its workability and strength. Several methods are standardized under ASTM guidelines to measure the air content in fresh concrete, each suitable for different concrete types and conditions.
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The workability of concrete is a crucial property that affects its handling, placing, and finishing during construction. It describes the ease with which concrete can be mixed, placed, compacted, and finished. Workability is primarily concerned with the concrete's movement and its ability to resist internal friction and external resistance from molds and reinforcements during the application process.
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Development of Low-Cost Wireless Sensing System for Smart Ultra-High Performance Concrete.

Huy-Viet Le1,2, Tae-Uk Kim1, Suleman Khan3

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143747, Korea.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a smart ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) with integrated wireless sensors for real-time stress and damage monitoring. The system effectively detects changes in electrical resistance, enabling structural health assessment.

Keywords:
damage crack sensorself-damage sensingself-stress sensingsmart ultra-high performance concretestructural health monitoringwireless sensing system

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Civil Engineering
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Structural health monitoring (SHM) is crucial for infrastructure safety.
  • Traditional SHM systems can be costly and complex.
  • Smart materials offer potential for integrated sensing capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a wireless sensor system integrated with smart ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC).
  • To enable real-time sensing and transmission of stress and damage in UHPC structures.
  • To validate the performance of the integrated system through experimental testing.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of smart UHPC incorporating steel fibers, fine steel slag aggregates (FSSAs), and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs).
  • Development of a wireless sensing system using a low-cost microcontroller unit (MCU) and a two-probe resistance sensing circuit.
  • Utilizing Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacon for low-power wireless data transmission.
  • Experimental validation using tensile and compression tests on UHPC specimens with a universal testing machine.

Main Results:

  • The smart UHPC exhibited decreased electrical resistance under both compressive and tensile loads.
  • Fractional change in resistivity (FCR) reached 39.2% under maximum compressive stress.
  • FCR was measured at 12.35% per crack under maximum compressive stress tension.
  • Electrical resistance changes showed similar behavior in compression and tension, validated by a DC meter.

Conclusions:

  • The developed wireless sensing system effectively integrates with smart UHPC for real-time structural monitoring.
  • The system accurately captures changes in electrical resistance due to stress and damage.
  • This technology offers a promising solution for advanced structural health assessment of concrete structures.