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Microbial Biosensors01:17

Microbial Biosensors

Microbial biosensors are analytical devices that utilize living microbes to detect specific substances through measurable signals. These devices consist of two main components: biosensing organisms and signal-transducing elements. Biosensing organisms, such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are typically housed in multiwell plates connected to transducers, enabling rapid, real-time detection of target analytes.Signal Generation MechanismWhen a target analyte—such as...

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Biosensor for Detection of Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus Bacteria
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Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Discrimination Using a Macromolecular Sensor in Water at Neutral pH.

Yifei Xu1, Marco Bonizzoni1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.

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|October 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new optical method uses poly(amidoamine) dendrimers and calcein dye to detect and differentiate penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics. This sensitive technique offers a fast and easy way to identify these common β-lactam drugs.

Keywords:
PAMAM dendrimerfluorescencelinear discriminant analysispattern-based recognitionβ-lactam antibiotics

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Antibiotics, particularly β-lactams like penicillins and cephalosporins, are widely used but their misuse poses risks to human health and the environment.
  • Accurate and rapid detection methods are crucial for monitoring antibiotic usage and environmental contamination.
  • Existing methods for antibiotic discrimination can be complex and time-consuming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple, rapid, and sensitive optical method for sensing and discriminating between penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics.
  • To utilize poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers and calcein dye for creating a novel sensor system.
  • To establish a method capable of differentiating seven specific β-lactam antibiotics in buffered aqueous solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Self-assembly of fifth-generation PAMAM dendrimers and calcein dye in buffered water (pH 7.4) to form a fluorescent sensor.
  • Detection of antibiotic interaction via changes in the dye's spectroscopic properties (absorbance, fluorescence emission, fluorescence anisotropy).
  • Application of Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) for pattern recognition and differentiation of the antibiotics.
  • Pre-hydrolysis of β-lactam rings to enhance analyte charge density for improved discrimination.

Main Results:

  • The developed sensor successfully detected and discriminated between two penicillins and five cephalosporins.
  • Spectroscopic changes in calcein provided a measurable response to the presence of antibiotics.
  • Linear Discriminant Analysis effectively differentiated the seven analytes based on the sensor's response.
  • The method achieved discrimination down to a concentration of 1 mM after pre-hydrolysis, with a detection limit of 5 mM.

Conclusions:

  • The PAMAM dendrimer-calcein based optical sensor provides an easy, fast, and sensitive method for β-lactam antibiotic detection.
  • The technique allows for the discrimination of specific penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics in aqueous solutions.
  • This approach holds potential for environmental monitoring and quality control applications related to antibiotic residues.