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Related Concept Videos

Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

Motor Unit Stimulation

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When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
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Muscle Stimulation Frequency01:22

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The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
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The Role of Actin and Myosin in Non-muscle Cells01:10

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Actin and myosin or actomyosin filaments also play a significant role in cells other than those involved in muscle contraction (which occurs within the sarcomere of muscle cells). The mechanism of non-muscle cell contractile bundles was first observed in Dictyostelium and Acanthamoeba. In non-muscle cells, two bundles are commonly found: stress fibers and actomyosin adherence belts. These contractile bundles are smaller and less organized than the ones found in muscle cells. They  are held...
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Actin and Myosin in Muscle Contraction01:16

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Actin and myosin are contractile proteins that form the sarcomere found in skeletal muscle tissues for regulating muscle contraction. Actin, a globular contractile protein, interacts with myosin for muscle contraction. The skeletal tissue appears striped or striated under a microscope due to the repeated arrangement of contractile proteins actin and myosin along the length of myofibrils. Dark A bands and light I bands repeat along myofibrils, and the alignment of myofibrils in the cell causes...
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Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscles01:20

Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscles

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Excitation-contraction coupling is a series of events that occur between generating an action potential and initiating a muscle contraction. It occurs at the triad, a structure found in skeletal muscle fibers that comprise a T-tubule and terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum on each side. These triads are visible in longitudinally sectioned muscle fibers. They are typically located at the A-I junction — the junction between the A and I bands of the sarcomere.
When an action...
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Updated: Oct 17, 2025

In Vivo Measurement of Hindlimb Dorsiflexor Isometric Torque from Pig
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Quantification of the Link between Timed Up-and-Go Test Subtasks and Contractile Muscle Properties.

Andreas Ziegl1,2, Dieter Hayn1,3, Peter Kastner1

  • 1AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, 8020 Graz, Austria.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 13, 2021
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Summary

Muscle weakness in older adults increases fall risk. Tensiomyography (TMG) muscle function measures correlate with Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test phases, aiding fall prevention and rehabilitation monitoring.

Keywords:
Timed Up-and-Go testbiomedical engineeringbiomedical sensorsbiomedical signal processingfunctional health assessmentstensiomyography

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Frailty and falls are significant public health concerns in the elderly population.
  • Muscle weakness is a primary risk factor for falls, leading to injuries and fractures.
  • The Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test identifies fall risk, while tensiomyography (TMG) assesses skeletal muscle function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between Tensiomyography (TMG) parameters and specific subtask times of the Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test in elderly individuals.
  • To explore the potential of TMG as a tool to monitor physical function in elderly fallers and during rehabilitation.

Main Methods:

  • A clinical study involving 23 elderly participants (mean age 86.74 years).
  • Measurement of Tensiomyography (TMG) parameters related to skeletal muscle contraction and delay times.
  • Recording of Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test subtask times (sit-up, sit-down, walk-forward, walk-back) using an ultrasonic device.

Main Results:

  • Significant correlations were found between TMG parameters of the vastus medialis muscle and the sit-up and walking phases of the TUG test (p < 0.01).
  • The delay time of vastus medialis and gastrocnemius medialis muscles correlated with the sit-down phase (p < 0.05).
  • Maximal radial displacement of the biceps femoris correlated with walk-forward and walk-back times (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • TMG parameters show significant associations with specific TUG test subtasks in the elderly.
  • These findings suggest TMG can complement TUG testing for monitoring physical function in older adults.
  • TMG and TUG subtask analysis offer potential for improved fall prevention strategies and rehabilitation monitoring.