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Fast FMCW Terahertz Imaging for In-Process Defect Detection in Press Sleeves for the Paper Industry and Image

Maris Bauer1, Raphael Hussung1, Carsten Matheis1

  • 1Department of Materials Characterization and Testing, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics ITWM, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.

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Summary

We developed a fast terahertz imaging system for inline nondestructive testing of paper industry press sleeves. This system detects hidden defects early in fabrication, saving time and resources.

Keywords:
anomaly detectionfrequency-modulated continuous wavemachine learningnondestructive testingpaper industrypress sleevesterahertz imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Non-Destructive Testing
  • Terahertz Imaging

Background:

  • Press sleeves, crucial for the paper industry, are made of polyurethane (PU) on metal barrels.
  • Defects can form during rotational molding due to fiber mesh inlays, but are only visible late in production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an inline, high-resolution terahertz imaging system for early detection of hidden defects in press sleeves.
  • To integrate this system into the manufacturing process for real-time quality control.

Main Methods:

  • A fast-scanning frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) terahertz imaging system was developed.
  • The system operates at 0.3 and 0.5 THz with data acquisition rates of at least 20 kHz.
  • Utilized the rotational speed of barrels for sub-millimeter image resolution.

Main Results:

  • High-resolution terahertz images of press sleeves were achieved.
  • The system demonstrated the ability to visualize hidden structural defects early in fabrication.
  • Automated defect recognition using machine learning for anomaly detection was shown to be feasible.

Conclusions:

  • The developed terahertz imaging system enables early-stage, inline nondestructive testing of press sleeves.
  • This technology can significantly reduce production time and resource waste by identifying defects sooner.
  • The system offers a pathway for automated quality control in press sleeve manufacturing.