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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 17, 2025

High-precision Electromagnetic Flowmeter with Empty Pipe Detection via Complex Programmable Logic Device-based Waveform Recognition
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A Flexible Single Loop Setup for Water-Borne Transient Electromagnetic Sounding Applications.

Lukas Aigner1, Philipp Högenauer1, Matthias Bücker2

  • 1Research Unit Geophysics, Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria.

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Summary

A new flexible single-loop transient electromagnetic (TEM) system simplifies water-borne geophysical surveys. This system effectively maps subsurface structures beneath lakes, achieving depths up to 50 meters.

Keywords:
geophysicslake sedimentsloop propertiestransient electromagnetic methodturn-off rampwater-borne TEM

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Environmental Science
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Water-borne transient electromagnetic (TEM) soundings are crucial for subsurface investigations in lakes and rivers.
  • Existing TEM systems often require complex, rigid setups with separated transmitter and receiver antennas.
  • There is a need for more adaptable and user-friendly water-borne geophysical tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel, flexible single-loop TEM system for water-borne geophysical surveys.
  • To demonstrate the system's capability to adjust the depth of investigation (DOI) and sounding depth.
  • To validate the system's performance in a real-world lake environment.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a lightweight, single-loop TEM system with a flexible antenna.
  • Utilizing an oscilloscope to measure the turn-off ramp for data analysis.
  • Employing variable loop antenna sizes to control the depth of investigation and signal strength.
  • Conducting a case study at Lake Langau, Austria.

Main Results:

  • The flexible single-loop TEM system simplifies field operations.
  • Varying the loop antenna size allows for adjustable DOI and minimum sounding depth.
  • The system achieved a maximum DOI of 50 m with an 11.9 m loop radius.
  • Sub-lake layer resolution down to 6.8 m was achieved with a 6.2 m loop radius.

Conclusions:

  • The developed flexible single-loop TEM system offers a significant advancement in water-borne geophysical exploration.
  • The system's adaptability in loop geometry allows for tailored investigations of different subsurface targets.
  • This technology provides effective subsurface imaging beneath continental water bodies, with demonstrated success in a lake environment.