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Related Concept Videos

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T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Author Spotlight: Achieving High-Purity In Vitro Differentiation of Th17 Cells Using Cytokine Concentration Modulation
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Innate lymphoid cells exhibited IL-17-expressing phenotype in active tuberculosis disease.

Linyue Pan1,2, Xiaoli Chen3, Xuanqi Liu1

  • 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Huadong Hospital of Fudan University, 221 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.

BMC Pulmonary Medicine
|October 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) increase in active tuberculosis (TB) and show an IL-17-expressing phenotype, potentially impacting immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection.

Keywords:
DCsIL-17IL-23ILCsTuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are crucial for rapid responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection.
  • Understanding phenotypic changes in circulatory ILCs during active tuberculosis (TB) is essential for elucidating immune mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenotypic alterations of circulating ILCs in individuals with active TB disease.
  • To correlate ILC subset changes and cytokine production with disease severity and clinical status.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry (FCM) was employed to analyze circulating ILCs, ILC subsets, dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and intracellular cytokine production in 40 TB patients and 41 healthy controls.
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify plasma IL-23 levels.

Main Results:

  • Total ILCs, ILC1, and CD117+ ILC2 subsets were significantly upregulated in the TB group compared to healthy controls.
  • IL-17+ lymphocytes were elevated in TB patients, with increased IL-17 expression observed in ILC3, CD117+ ILC2, and ILC1 subsets.
  • Plasma IL-23 levels were higher in TB patients and positively correlated with IL-17 expression in ILC subsets; elevated IL-17+ ILCs correlated with more severe inflammation and poorer clinical condition.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating ILCs are upregulated and display an IL-17-producing phenotype in active TB disease.
  • These findings enhance the understanding of the innate immune system's response to Mtb infection.