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Related Concept Videos

Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

1.0K
Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
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Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
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Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants01:27

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants

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Decongestants are a class of medications used primarily to alleviate nasal congestion, a common symptom resulting from allergies, colds, sinusitis, and other upper respiratory tract infections. These drugs work by activating α-adrenergic receptors, constricting small blood vessels in the nasal membranes. This action results in the opening of clogged nasal passages, thereby facilitating sinus drainage and relieving congestion.
Most decongestants are readily available over-the-counter in...
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
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COVID-19 Restrictions Are Associated With a Significant Decrease of All Common Respiratory Viral Illnesses in

Melanie M Randall1, Fairuz Despujos Harfouche2, Jennifer Raae-Nielsen1

  • 1Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

Clinical Pediatrics
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Public health measures for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) significantly reduced common respiratory viral infections in children. This impact was observed across all age groups, including those under two years old.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic prompted widespread public health interventions, including lockdowns and social distancing.
  • The potential impact of these measures on other respiratory infections in children was not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between COVID-19 restrictions and the incidence of common respiratory viral infections in children.
  • To analyze changes in respiratory viral infection rates before and after the implementation of public health measures.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of nasopharyngeal panel test results from children in emergency departments.
  • Comparison of data from February to May 2019 (pre-restriction) with February to May 2020 (post-restriction).
  • Testing included 11 common respiratory viruses and bacteria.

Main Results:

  • A substantial decrease in the number and positivity rate of common respiratory viral infections was observed in children during 2020 compared to 2019.
  • This decline was consistent across all age groups studied, including children under two years old.
  • The reduction in respiratory infections was statistically significant following the implementation of COVID-19 restrictions.

Conclusions:

  • Public health measures implemented to control COVID-19 were strongly associated with a significant reduction in respiratory viral infections among children.
  • These findings suggest that non-pharmaceutical interventions can be effective in mitigating the spread of various respiratory pathogens in pediatric populations.
  • The study provides evidence to inform future public health strategies for managing respiratory infections in children during pandemics.