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Patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis are at increased risk for obstructive sleep apnoea: a population-based

Kevin Sheng-Kai Ma1,2,3,4, Monica Maria Illescas Ralda5,6, John Jims Veeravalli2

  • 1Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

European Journal of Orthodontics
|October 13, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients face a higher risk of developing obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). This study highlights the increased OSA incidence in JIA individuals, particularly those with deformities and males.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an autoimmune disease.
  • A potential comorbidity between JIA and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has been suggested.
  • Understanding this association is crucial for comprehensive patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that JIA patients have a high risk of developing OSA.
  • To quantify the association between JIA and OSA incidence.
  • To identify risk factors for OSA in the JIA population.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study design was employed, including 2791 JIA patients and 11,164 matched controls from a health registry (1999-2013).
  • Cox proportional hazard and cumulative probability models were used to assess OSA risk and its time-dependent effect in JIA patients.
  • The primary outcome was the presence of OSA, with follow-up extending over 60 months post-JIA diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Patients with JIA showed a significantly higher likelihood of OSA (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.922).
  • The incidence of OSA was notably elevated in JIA patients with associated deformities (aHR = 1.993) and in males (aHR = 1.786).
  • The risk of developing OSA increased substantially with longer follow-up periods after JIA diagnosis (aHR = 2.523 at >60 months).

Conclusions:

  • Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is associated with a significantly increased risk of developing obstructive sleep apnoea.
  • This finding underscores the importance of screening for OSA in patients diagnosed with JIA.
  • Early identification and management of OSA may improve outcomes for individuals with JIA.
Abstract

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