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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Face masks are widely used for disease prevention.
  • Masks can potentially obscure facial expressions, impacting communication.
  • Understanding the effect of masks on non-verbal cues is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how wearing a face mask affects facial expressions.
  • To determine if mask-wearing influences the muscles used in smiling and talking.

Main Methods:

  • Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to measure muscle activity.
  • Measurements were taken from zygomaticus major, orbicularis oculi, and depressor anguli oris muscles.
  • Participants smiled and talked with and without wearing a mask.

Main Results:

  • Mask wearing facilitated the activation of the orbicularis oculi muscles (around the eyes).
  • No significant facilitation was observed in zygomaticus major or depressor anguli oris muscles.
  • Eye muscle activity was enhanced when smiling with a mask.

Conclusions:

  • Face mask use may lead to increased recruitment of eye muscles during smiling.
  • Emotional expressions, particularly happiness, can still be effectively communicated through the eyes while wearing a mask.