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Genomic Selection in Sugarcane: Current Status and Future Prospects.

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Genomic selection offers a faster, more efficient approach to sugarcane breeding, reducing cycle times and improving trait selection for traits like yield and stress tolerance.

Keywords:
genetic base-broadeninggenomic estimated breeding valuegenomic selectionmulti-environment trialspre-breedingsugarcane

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Breeding
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Sugarcane is a vital C4 crop for sugar, ethanol, and electricity production.
  • Modern varieties arise from complex hybridizations, with breeding programs facing lengthy timelines (12-14 years).
  • Precise phenotyping is challenging due to lodging, suckering, and environmental influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the feasibility of genomic selection (GS) in sugarcane breeding programs.
  • To identify how GS can accelerate genetic gain and optimize resource allocation.
  • To review the application of GS for germplasm characterization, pre-breeding, and varietal development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing genome-wide markers for genetic diversity analysis and core germplasm formation.
  • Applying genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genomic prediction (GP) for trait discovery.
  • Integrating environmental covariates with GP for multi-environment trial predictions.

Main Results:

  • GS enables efficient identification of genomic resources for traits like cane yield and stress tolerance.
  • GS facilitates precise gene introgression in pre-breeding and accelerates allele frequency enhancement.
  • Integration of environmental data with GP improves prediction of varietal performance across diverse agro-climatic zones.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic selection significantly reduces breeding cycle lengths and population sizes.
  • GS enhances genetic gain, optimizes cost and resource allocation in sugarcane breeding.
  • GS offers a powerful tool for developing improved sugarcane varieties for diverse agricultural needs.