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Retinal and Choroidal Changes in Children with Moderate-to-High Hyperopia

Yu Qian1,2,3, Yingyan Ma1,2,3, Qiurong Lin1,2,3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Journal of Ophthalmology
|October 14, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Children with moderate-to-high hyperopia (MHH) exhibit thinner retinal nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers but thicker choroids compared to emmetropic children. Axial length influences these ocular measurements.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Optometry
  • Retinal Imaging

Background:

  • Moderate-to-high hyperopia (MHH) is a common refractive error in children.
  • Understanding ocular structure variations in MHH is crucial for early detection and management.
  • Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), and choroidal thickness are key indicators of ocular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare RNFL thickness, GCL thickness, and choroidal thickness in children with MHH versus emmetropic children.
  • To identify potential correlations between refractive error, axial length, and these retinal and choroidal parameters.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 53 children with MHH (spherical equivalent refraction [SER] ≥ +4.0 D) and 53 emmetropic children (SER between -1.0 D and +1.0 D).
  • Ophthalmic examinations included visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, slit-lamp examination, axial length measurement.
  • Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) was utilized to assess RNFL, GCL, and choroidal thickness.

Main Results:

  • Children with MHH showed significantly thinner RNFL and GCL in temporal and inferior macular regions compared to emmetropic children (P < 0.05).
  • MHH group exhibited significantly thicker choroidal layers across all measured regions (P < 0.05).
  • Spherical equivalent refraction (SER) positively correlated with choroidal thickness, while axial length negatively correlated with choroidal thickness. Axial length was also positively associated with RNFL and GCL thickness.

Conclusions:

  • Children with MHH present distinct RNFL and GCL thickness characteristics compared to their emmetropic peers.
  • Increased choroidal thickness is a notable finding in children with MHH.
  • Axial length plays a significant role in modulating RNFL, GCL, and choroidal thickness in this pediatric population.
Abstract

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