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Polymyositis associated with AIDS retrovirus.

M C Dalakas, G H Pezeshkpour, M Gravell

    JAMA
    |November 7, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Polymyositis can be an early sign of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This muscle inflammation may precede other acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) symptoms.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Immunology
    • Virology

    Background:

    • The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) retrovirus, now known as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), can present with varied clinical manifestations.
    • Polymyositis, an inflammatory condition causing muscle weakness, is not typically considered an initial symptom of HIV infection.

    Observation:

    • Two homosexual men presented with polymyositis as their sole initial symptom of HIV infection.
    • These individuals later developed AIDS-related complex and subsequently typical AIDS within months.

    Findings:

    • Viral antigens of the HIV retrovirus were detected in lymphoid cells within muscle tissue.
    • Immunofluorescence revealed these viral antigens in OKT4-positive cells infiltrating the muscle fibers and surrounding connective tissue.

    Implications:

    • Polymyositis may serve as an early clinical indicator of HIV infection.
    • Recognizing polymyositis as a potential early manifestation can aid in the timely diagnosis of HIV and impending AIDS-related conditions.

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