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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Laboratory Administration of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation taVNS: Technique, Targeting, and Considerations
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Laboratory Administration of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation taVNS: Technique, Targeting, and Considerations

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Feasibility study on transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation using millimeter waves.

Hi Yuen Song1, Dong Woo Shin2, Seung Moon Jung3

  • 1School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.

Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express
|October 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Millimeter waves (MMW) enable precise, non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) targeting the auricular branch (ABVN). This technique selectively activates the ABVN, offering a new therapeutic approach for various conditions.

Keywords:
auricular branch of the vagus nervelocal field potentialmillimeter wavenon-invasive stimulationnucleus tractus solitariitranscutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuromodulation
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is used for conditions like depression and epilepsy.
  • Current VNS methods can cause unwanted non-vagal nerve stimulation due to diffused electrical fields.
  • A need exists for a region-specific VNS technique for improved therapeutic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a region-specific non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) technique.
  • To utilize millimeter wave (MMW) technology to stimulate the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (ABVN).
  • To achieve millimeter-scale spatial resolution for targeted VNS.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted numerical simulations to assess MMW's potential to excite the ABVN in the human outer ear.
  • Evaluated MMW-induced neuronal responses in mice using transcutaneous auricular VNS (ta-VNS) on the cymba conchae.
  • Recorded local field potential (LFP) in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) during MMW stimulation and control stimulation (ta-nonVNS).

Main Results:

  • ta-VNS with MMW (13 dBm) significantly increased LFP power in the NTS (gamma bands: +8.6% to +18.2%).
  • Control ta-nonVNS (13 dBm) significantly decreased LFP power in the NTS (beta and gamma low bands: -11.0% to -10.8%).
  • MMW stimulation demonstrated distinct neuronal responses based on ABVN presence, confirming targeted activation.

Conclusions:

  • Selective auricular VNS is feasible using millimeter waves.
  • MMW stimulation provides a method for precise, region-specific activation of the ABVN.
  • This study lays the groundwork for novel clinical treatments utilizing highly targeted ta-VNS.