"A Great Reinforcing Organ": the Cerebellum According to Silas Weir Mitchell

This Cerebellar Classic highlights a work by the physician and novelist, Silas Weir Mitchell (1829-1914), a pupil of Claude Bernard and a founding father of American neurology. Published in the aftermath of the American Civil War, the article reported observations on cerebellar physiology based on ablation and tissue freezing experiments in pigeons, rabbits, and guinea pigs. Mitchell communicated his results before the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and proposed a general theory of the cerebellum as an augmenting and reinforcing organ to the cerebrospinal motor system. After reviewing and contrasting previous theories of Flourens and Bouillaud, Mitchell formulated his own theory, which was in line with the views of Rolando and Luys. The theory emphasized the necessity, initially suggested by Brown-Séquard, of distinguishing between phenomena due to loss of function and those due to irritation as a central principle that should guide any physiological research.