Calcaneal fractures - current trends and pitfalls

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Traumatology
• Podiatric Medicine

Background:

• Calcaneal fractures represent the most frequent tarsal bone injuries.
• Optimal management strategies for calcaneal fractures remain a subject of debate.
• Therapeutic challenges necessitate a comprehensive review of current treatment modalities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current literature on the diagnosis and treatment of calcaneal fractures.
• To discuss diagnostic techniques and classification systems for calcaneal fractures.
• To present an algorithm for conservative and surgical management based on current trends.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of diagnostic techniques, classification systems, and treatment options.
• Analysis of open and minimally invasive surgical procedures and implants (screws, nails, plates).
• Examination of frequent complications, their prevention, and management strategies.

Main Results:

• Current literature highlights diverse diagnostic and classification methods.
• Both conservative and surgical treatments are employed, with varying techniques and implants.
• Complications are frequent and require careful consideration for prevention and resolution.

Conclusions:

• There is no universal consensus on the ideal treatment for calcaneal fractures.
• Treatment algorithms are evolving, incorporating both conservative and surgical approaches.
• Understanding complications and their management is crucial for successful outcomes.