Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

528
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
528
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

2.1K
Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of...
2.1K
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

2.2K
The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
2.2K
Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

186.9K
Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each...
186.9K
Energy Budgets00:51

Energy Budgets

9.8K
Organisms must balance energy intake with the energy required for growth, maintenance and reproduction. These trade-offs result in a variety of survivorship and reproductive strategies, including semelparity and iteroparity. Semelparous species, like annual plants, have only one reproductive episode in their lifetimes and consequently have short lifespans. Iteroparous species, by contrast, have many reproductive events during their lifetimes but have relatively few offspring. These two...
9.8K
Fertilization01:38

Fertilization

74.5K
During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
74.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Students as Teachers (SAT) and Educators: An Online Elective in Medical Education.

The clinical teacher·2026
Same author

The new UK Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (UKMEC) 2025: what has changed?

BMJ sexual & reproductive health·2026
Same author

The Effect of Weight Status on Risk of Perioperative Complications Associated With Surgical Abortion: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology·2026
Same author

The Economic Burden of Gestational Diabetes and Body Mass Index Changes Between Pregnancies: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology·2026
Same author

Long-acting reversible contraception and medication abortion: a national descriptive survey of Australian community pharmacist knowledge, attitudes and practices.

International journal of clinical pharmacy·2026
Same author

Understanding Preferences for Preconception Care in Australia: Insights From a Discrete Choice Experiment.

Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Impact of Immediate Partial Removal of Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes on Fertilization Efficiency and Embryo Quality
08:06

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Impact of Immediate Partial Removal of Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes on Fertilization Efficiency and Embryo Quality

Published on: October 18, 2024

560

Short interpregnancy interval: circumstance or choice?

Rebecca Alexandra Margaret Taylor1, Jenny M Yang2, Kate Cheney3

  • 1Women and Babies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia beckytaylor@gmail.com.

BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health
|October 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Women with short interpregnancy intervals (sIPI) often lack knowledge about contraception and birth spacing. Healthcare providers should offer clearer education to help women make informed decisions and prevent future closely spaced pregnancies.

Keywords:
contraception behaviorcounselingqualitative researchreproductive behavior

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Inducing Pseudopregnancy in Female Mice Without the Need for Vasectomized Males Prior to Non-Surgical Embryo Transfer or Artificial Insemination
05:36

Author Spotlight: Inducing Pseudopregnancy in Female Mice Without the Need for Vasectomized Males Prior to Non-Surgical Embryo Transfer or Artificial Insemination

Published on: July 7, 2023

8.9K
Chromosome Screening of Human Preimplantation Embryos by Using Spent Culture Medium: Sample Collection and Chromosomal Ploidy Analysis
12:32

Chromosome Screening of Human Preimplantation Embryos by Using Spent Culture Medium: Sample Collection and Chromosomal Ploidy Analysis

Published on: September 7, 2021

2.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Impact of Immediate Partial Removal of Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes on Fertilization Efficiency and Embryo Quality
08:06

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Impact of Immediate Partial Removal of Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes on Fertilization Efficiency and Embryo Quality

Published on: October 18, 2024

560
Author Spotlight: Inducing Pseudopregnancy in Female Mice Without the Need for Vasectomized Males Prior to Non-Surgical Embryo Transfer or Artificial Insemination
05:36

Author Spotlight: Inducing Pseudopregnancy in Female Mice Without the Need for Vasectomized Males Prior to Non-Surgical Embryo Transfer or Artificial Insemination

Published on: July 7, 2023

8.9K
Chromosome Screening of Human Preimplantation Embryos by Using Spent Culture Medium: Sample Collection and Chromosomal Ploidy Analysis
12:32

Chromosome Screening of Human Preimplantation Embryos by Using Spent Culture Medium: Sample Collection and Chromosomal Ploidy Analysis

Published on: September 7, 2021

2.3K

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Maternal Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Inadequate birth spacing poses risks, yet over a third of pregnancies occur within 18 months of a previous birth.
  • Short interpregnancy intervals (sIPI) are common, highlighting a gap in reproductive health education and planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore women's knowledge of contraception and birth spacing.
  • To understand women's experiences with counseling regarding interpregnancy intervals (IPIs).
  • To identify barriers and facilitators to informed reproductive decision-making among women with sIPI.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative study involving in-depth interviews with 20 women experiencing sIPI.
  • Interviews conducted at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Canterbury Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
  • Thematic analysis using Braun and Clarke's six-phase framework.

Main Results:

  • Perceptions of interpregnancy intervals are influenced by individual circumstances.
  • Limited information from healthcare providers (HCPs) on IPIs and contraception hindered informed decision-making.
  • Women expressed a desire for clear, consistent education on reproductive life planning.

Conclusions:

  • Women with sIPI reported feeling uninformed about birth spacing and lacking knowledge of reliable contraceptives.
  • There is a clear need for improved antenatal and postnatal education from HCPs to support appropriate pregnancy spacing.
  • Addressing knowledge gaps can reduce the risk of further closely spaced pregnancies.