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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

173
Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
173
Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:26

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

49
Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...
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Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan01:25

Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan

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Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) and FibroScan are valuable diagnostic tools in gastroenterology and hepatology, each with specific applications and techniques.
Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS):
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Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

429
Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
429

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Underwater Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy for Gastroesophageal Varices
02:14

Underwater Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy for Gastroesophageal Varices

Published on: August 1, 2025

594

Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy improves liver function compared with endoscopic variceal ligation.

Tsuguru Hayashi1, Tatsuyuki Watanabe2, Michihiko Shibata2

  • 1Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan. haya033185@med.uoeh-u.ac.jp.

Scientific Reports
|October 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) improved liver function and survival rates in liver cirrhosis patients compared to endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL). EIS positively impacted albumin levels and liver function scores, suggesting better prognosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Hepatology
  • Endoscopic Procedures

Background:

  • Liver function is critical for prognosis in liver cirrhosis patients.
  • Portal hypertension is a life-threatening complication requiring variceal treatment.
  • The impact of endoscopic variceal treatments on liver function remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) and endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) on liver function and prognosis.
  • To compare the outcomes of prophylactic EIS versus EVL in liver cirrhosis patients.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 103 liver cirrhotic patients undergoing prophylactic EIS or EVL.
  • Assessment of overall survival rates and liver function via blood tests before and 3 months post-treatment.
  • Statistical analysis including multivariate analysis and linear regression.

Main Results:

  • The EIS group showed a higher overall survival rate than the EVL group (p=0.03).
  • EIS was associated with improved albumin and prothrombin time, leading to better Child-Pugh, ALBI, and MELD scores.
  • Liver function did not improve in the EVL group; EIS correlated with elevated albumin levels post-treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) improves liver function and prognosis in liver cirrhosis patients.
  • EIS demonstrates superior outcomes compared to EVL regarding survival and liver function markers.
  • EIS is a significant factor in enhancing albumin levels and overall patient prognosis.