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Assessment of thyroid function of newly diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in Nigeria

Chika Juliet Okwor1, Ijeoma Angela Meka1, Kazeem Sanjo Akinwande2

  • 1Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku/Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria.

The Pan African Medical Journal
|October 15, 2021
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

COVID-19 infection may alter thyroid function, with higher TSH and FT3 levels observed in patients. Some patients developed sick euthyroid syndrome or subclinical hypothyroidism, indicating potential thyroid changes during and after illness.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus causes COVID-19, a global pandemic impacting multiple organs.
  • The effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on thyroid function remains unclear.
  • This study investigates thyroid hormone levels in COVID-19 patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure plasma thyroid hormones (FT3, FT4, TSH) and Hs-CRP in COVID-19 patients.
  • To compare thyroid function between COVID-19 patients and healthy controls.
  • To assess potential SARS-CoV-2 related changes in thyroid function.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study with 90 participants (45 COVID-19 patients, 45 controls).
  • Plasma samples analyzed for FT3, FT4, TSH, and Hs-CRP using ELISA.
  • Data analyzed using SPSS, with statistical significance at p < 0.05.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 patients showed significantly higher mean plasma FT3 and TSH levels compared to controls (p < 0.001).
  • Euthyroidism was prevalent (77.8%) in COVID-19 patients, but sick euthyroid syndrome (15.6%) and subclinical hypothyroidism (6.7%) were also observed.
  • All controls were euthyroid.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 infection is associated with altered thyroid function, including elevated TSH and FT3.
  • Sick euthyroid syndrome and subclinical hypothyroidism can occur in COVID-19 patients.
  • Monitoring thyroid function during and after COVID-19 treatment is recommended.
Keywords:
COVID-19thyroid functionthyroid stimulating hormonethyroxinetri-iodothyronine

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