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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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In healthcare diagnostics, laboratory tests play a crucial role in identifying and diagnosing a wide range of medical conditions. However, interpreting test results is not always straightforward. An abnormal test result does not always confirm the presence of a disease, just as a normal result does not guarantee its absence. To assess the reliability of these diagnostic tools, healthcare practitioners rely on two key statistical indicators: sensitivity and specificity.
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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Updated: Oct 16, 2025

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Adopting Consensus Terms for Testing in Precision Medicine.

Nikki A Martin1, Joel E Tepper2, Veda N Giri3

  • 1LUNGevity Foundation, Bethesda, MD.

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|October 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clearer communication about precision oncology testing is needed. "Biomarker testing" is preferred for acquired changes, while "genetic testing" is preferred for inherited mutations and cancer risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Precision Medicine

Background:

  • Uptake of biomarker and genetic testing in precision medicine is limited, especially among minority and low socioeconomic status populations.
  • Patients often lack familiarity with testing terminology, hindering their understanding of its role in treatment decisions.
  • Confusing and overlapping terms exacerbate patient misunderstanding of precision oncology testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess and recommend standardized terminology for communicating precision oncology testing to patients.
  • To improve patient understanding and shared decision-making regarding tumor characteristic and germline mutation testing.

Main Methods:

  • A working group analyzed precision oncology testing frameworks for nine cancer types.
  • A survey of 1,650 patients assessed preferences for germline testing terminology.
  • Terms were evaluated to distinguish between somatic and germline testing.

Main Results:

  • Thirty-three terms were identified in patient education materials for biomarker, genetic, and genomic testing.
  • "Biomarker testing" was selected as the preferred term for somatic alterations.
  • "Genetic testing for an inherited mutation" and "genetic testing for inherited cancer risk" were preferred for germline variants.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized, plain-language terminology can enhance comprehension of precision oncology testing.
  • Improved communication facilitates better understanding and shared decision-making in cancer care.
  • Intentional use of common umbrella terms by healthcare providers can improve patient engagement.