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Related Concept Videos

Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction00:55

Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction

3.9K
Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. The reaction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent. The reducing agent acts as a source of hydride ions.
As shown below, the mechanism involves three steps. Firstly, the hydride ion acting as a nucleophile attacks the nitrile carbon to form an anion. In the second step, a second equivalent of the hydride ion attacks the anion to...
3.9K
Amides to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction01:20

Amides to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction

5.3K
Amide reduction with strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride proceeds through a nucleophilic acyl substitution to form amines. Primary, secondary, and tertiary amides yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, respectively.
Amide reduction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent, acting as a source of hydride ions. As shown in the figure, the reaction is initiated with a nucleophilic attack by the hydride ion at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate.
5.3K
Amines to Alkenes: Cope Elimination01:14

Amines to Alkenes: Cope Elimination

2.1K
Cope elimination reaction involves the conversion of tertiary amines to alkene using hydrogen peroxide under thermal conditions, as depicted in figure 1.
2.1K
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

20.3K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...
20.3K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

4.1K
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
4.1K
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

24.4K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
24.4K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Preparation of SNS CobaltII Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase
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Reductive Dimerization of CO by a Na/Mg(I) Diamide.

Han-Ying Liu1, Ryan J Schwamm1, Samuel E Neale1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Sodium reduction of a magnesium complex yields a novel Mg(I) species with a long Mg-Mg bond, stabilized by sodium-aryl interactions. This tetrametallic core reacts with carbon monoxide to form ethynediolate.

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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic chemistry
  • Main group chemistry

Background:

  • The synthesis and characterization of low-valent main group compounds are of significant interest.
  • Magnesium(I) compounds are rare and their unique bonding characteristics are actively explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel magnesium(I) species.
  • To investigate the electronic structure and reactivity of the resulting compound.

Main Methods:

  • Reductive synthesis using sodium metal.
  • X-ray crystallography for structural determination.
  • Computational studies (e.g., DFT) for electronic structure analysis.

Main Results:

  • Isolation and structural elucidation of the dimeric Mg(I) species, [{SiNDipp}MgNa]2, featuring a long Mg-Mg bond (>3.2 Å).
  • Observation of significant Na-aryl interactions stabilizing the structure.
  • Computational analysis revealing a contiguous tetrametallic core.
  • Reaction with carbon monoxide leading to ethynediolate formation, mediated by both Mg and Na centers.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized compound represents a rare example of a stable Mg(I) species.
  • The structure is best described as a tetrametallic core, highlighting cooperative effects between Mg and Na.
  • The reactivity with CO demonstrates the potential of these low-valent main group compounds in small molecule activation.