Heterogenizing a Homogeneous Nickel Catalyst Using Nanoconfined Strategy for Selective Synthesis of Mono- and 1,2-Disubstituted Benzimidazoles
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Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
Published on: July 30, 2017
Shadab1, Gargi Dey1, Motahar Sk2
1Department of Sciences & Humanities, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology (RGIPT), Jais, Amethi, Uttar Pradesh 229304, India.
Abstract:
A homogeneous Ni-phenanthroline catalyst was successfully immobilized into the cavities of a metal-organic framework, ZIF-8. The as-synthesized heterogeneous catalyst, Ni-Phen@ZIF, represents the first MOF based catalyst that enables dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols with aromatic diamines for selective synthesis of both mono- and 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles. The catalyst survived under harsh basic conditions, characterized by SEM, TEM, BET, PXRD, and EDX elemental mappings. The presence of the nanoconfined Ni-phenanthroline complex and the formation of extra Lewis acid sites during catalysis in the Ni-Phen@ZIF structure, confirmed by TPD analysis and kinetic experiments, might be responsible for higher activity and selectivity.
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