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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

2.5K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Custom total knee: understanding the indication and process.

Elyse J Brinkmann1, Wolfgang Fitz2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham Health, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.

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|October 15, 2021
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Summary

Patient-specific total knee arthroplasty uses 3D imaging to create custom implants and surgical guides. This personalized approach precisely matches knee anatomy for improved outcomes in total knee replacement surgery.

Keywords:
Custom total knee replacementIndication for custom total knee replacementPatient specific jigsPatient specific total knee replacementTotal knee replacement

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) aims to restore knee function by replacing damaged joint surfaces.
  • Traditional TKA relies on standard implant sizes, which may not perfectly match individual patient anatomy.
  • Patient-specific instrumentation and implants offer a potential solution for optimizing TKA outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a novel patient-specific total knee arthroplasty system.
  • To outline the methodology for creating patient-specific implants and surgical guides.
  • To highlight the features and components of the personalized TKA system.

Main Methods:

  • Pre-operative computed tomography (CT) scans are used to capture patient knee morphology.
  • 3D segmentation and proprietary software generate patient-specific total knee implants.
  • Patient-specific jigs (PSJ), 3D printed in nylon, are created for surgical guidance.
  • Implants are designed to anatomically match the distal femur and tibia, with options for cruciate-retaining (CR) or posterior-stabilized (PS) designs.

Main Results:

  • The system produces patient-specific implants that replicate individual bony knee anatomy.
  • Customized surgical planning and 3D-printed jigs are provided for each patient.
  • The system offers flexibility with options for solid or separated medial/lateral polyethylene (PE) inserts and stem extensions.

Conclusions:

  • Patient-specific TKA offers a tailored approach to knee replacement surgery.
  • This technology allows for precise reconstruction of articulating surfaces based on individual anatomy.
  • The integrated system of custom implants, jigs, and surgical plans aims to enhance TKA procedures.