Hypoglycaemia: Still the main drawback of insulin 100 years on: "From man to mouse"

One hundred years on from the initial discovery of insulin, we take this opportunity to reflect on the scientific discoveries that have improved so many lives. From its original crude form, insulin therapy has improved significantly over the past century. Despite this, hypoglycaemia remains an ever-present fear for people with Type 1 diabetes. As such, it is essential that research now looks to minimise the frequency and severity of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and its complications, some of which can be life-threatening. Over the last century, one thing that has become apparent is the success and need for translational diabetes research. From its origin in dogs, insulin treatment has revolutionised the lives of those with Type 1 diabetes through the coordinated effort of scientists and clinicians. In this review, we recount the more recent research that uses a mouse-to-man approach, specifically in hypoglycaemia research.