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Suicidal behavior sociocultural factors in developing countries during COVID-19.

S Shoib1, J E T Gaitán Buitrago2, K H Shuja3

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Sociocultural factors like economic pressure and fear of infection increased suicidal behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in developing nations. Targeted interventions are crucial for suicide prevention in these vulnerable populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Mental Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Sociocultural factors significantly influence suicidal behavior following pandemics.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated mental health challenges globally, particularly in developing countries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and analyze sociocultural risk and predisposing factors for suicidal ideation among mental health patients in Bangladesh, Colombia, India, and Pakistan.
  • To understand the heterogeneity of these factors and propose specific interventions for suicide prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of articles was conducted using PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar.
  • Keywords included suicide, COVID-19, developing countries, sociocultural factors, and predisposing factors.
  • Searches were limited to English-language articles, with no publication time restriction, up to March 2021.

Main Results:

  • Sociocultural factors such as fear of infection, economic hardship, and resource scarcity due to lockdowns were primary drivers of increased suicides.
  • The review identified specific cultural nuances contributing to suicidal behavior across the four studied developing countries.

Conclusions:

  • Suicide prevention and intervention efforts have been insufficient in low-middle-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Practical suggestions include mitigating misinformation, establishing specialized helplines, and enhancing mental health service accessibility to address manpower shortages, fragile health systems, and poverty.