8-Day-old male infant with bilious emesis and hematochezia

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Gastroenterology
• Neonatal Medicine
• Clinical Case Reports

Background:

• Bilious emesis and hematochezia in newborns necessitate a broad differential diagnosis, encompassing structural, infectious, and metabolic causes.
• Milk protein intolerance is a recognized cause, but specific presentations related to goat's milk protein intolerance are less frequently documented in neonates.

Observation:

• An 8-day-old male infant presented with significant bilious emesis and hematochezia.
• Extensive investigations were performed to exclude common and critical neonatal pathologies, including surgical emergencies and infections.

Findings:

• The infant was diagnosed with goat's milk protein intolerance as the underlying cause of symptoms.
• This diagnosis was established after a comprehensive workup ruled out other potential causes.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of considering less common food protein intolerances, such as goat's milk protein intolerance, in the differential diagnosis of neonatal gastrointestinal bleeding and emesis.
• The report details the youngest patient documented with these symptoms attributed to goat's milk intake, contributing to the limited literature on this pediatric condition.