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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

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Anakinra effectiveness in refractory polyserositis: An Italian multicenter study.

Giuseppe Lopalco1, Vincenzo Venerito1, Antonio Brucato2

  • 1Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Rheumatology Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.

Joint Bone Spine
|October 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Anakinra effectively treats refractory polyserositis, reducing inflammation and relapses in patients resistant to standard therapies like NSAIDs and corticosteroids. This interleukin-1 receptor antagonist offers a safe and beneficial option for managing this inflammatory condition.

Keywords:
AnakinraInnate immunityInnovative biotechnologiesInterleukin-1Personalized medicinePolyserositis

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Polyserositis involves simultaneous inflammation of multiple serosal membranes (pericardium, pleura, peritoneum).
  • Standard treatments (NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids) are often insufficient, leading to frequent relapses and steroid dependence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of anakinra in patients with polyserositis refractory to conventional anti-inflammatory therapies.
  • To assess anakinra's impact on disease recurrence, inflammatory markers, and the need for corticosteroids and NSAIDs.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 45 patients with polyserositis (idiopathic, autoinflammatory, or autoimmune) treated with anakinra from 2011-2019.
  • Inclusion criteria: inflammation of $\ge$2 serous membranes confirmed by imaging, refractory to standard treatments.
  • Monitoring included ESR, CRP, imaging, and assessment of medication use and adverse events.

Main Results:

  • Anakinra led to serositis resolution in 84.5% of patients within 3 months, with sustained efficacy up to 12 months.
  • Significant reductions in ESR and CRP (P<0.001) were observed, alongside a dramatic decrease in glucocorticoid and NSAID use.
  • Most patients achieved steroid-free status (86.5%) and NSAID-free status (100%) by 12 months, with minimal adverse events (urticarial rashes).

Conclusions:

  • Anakinra is a safe and effective treatment for refractory polyserositis, significantly reducing recurrences and corticosteroid dependence.
  • The drug demonstrated efficacy in both idiopathic and rheumatic forms of polyserositis, suggesting shared pathogenic mechanisms.
  • Anakinra represents a valuable therapeutic option for patients unresponsive to standard anti-inflammatory treatments.