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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

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The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
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Plasticity00:58

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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Brain plasticity and hearing disorders.

M Alzaher1, N Vannson1, O Deguine2

  • 1Université de Toulouse, UPS, centre de recherche cerveau et cognition, Toulouse, France; CNRS, CerCo, France.

Revue Neurologique
|October 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain plasticity, or compensatory plasticity, adapts to hearing loss. This review explores how cross-modal and intra-modal plasticity affect hearing restoration with cochlear implants, impacting auditory function and rehabilitation.

Keywords:
Brain plasticityCochlear implantationCross-modalDeafnessHearing lossIntra-modal

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Sensory stimulation changes brain functional connectivity in healthy individuals and those with pathology.
  • Compensatory plasticity refers to adaptive brain modifications in response to pathology, altering functional connectivity.
  • Auditory deficits and their severity influence brain reorganization and rehabilitation outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review cross-modal and intra-modal brain plasticity in relation to bilateral and unilateral hearing loss.
  • To examine the impact of plasticity on hearing restoration via cochlear implantation.
  • To discuss the implications of brain plasticity for developing evidence-based rehabilitation strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on brain plasticity and hearing loss.
  • Analysis of research on cross-modal plasticity (e.g., visual influences on auditory cortex).
  • Examination of intra-modal plasticity, including interhemispheric asymmetry in hearing loss.

Main Results:

  • Cross-modal plasticity can be beneficial for visuo-auditory adaptation but detrimental if it impairs auditory cortex function for cochlear implant restoration.
  • Loss of interhemispheric asymmetry in unilateral hearing loss negatively affects auditory spatial localization.
  • Understanding brain plasticity is crucial for improving patient rehabilitation outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Brain plasticity plays a significant role in the adaptation and rehabilitation of individuals with hearing loss.
  • Cochlear implantation outcomes are influenced by the interplay of cross-modal and intra-modal plasticity.
  • Integrating cognitive neuroscience with neuroimaging biomarkers can enhance prognostic and evidence-based rehabilitation approaches.