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The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) often changes "Insufficient Evidence" (I) statements to definitive recommendations. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is a key funder of high-quality research that closes evidence gaps.

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Area of Science:

  • Preventive medicine
  • Health services research
  • Evidence-based practice

Background:

  • The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) issues "Insufficient Evidence" (I) statements when evidence is inadequate for clinical preventive service recommendations.
  • These statements can be updated to definitive recommendations as new research emerges, addressing identified evidence gaps.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the characteristics of scientific evidence that supported changes from USPSTF "Insufficient Evidence" (I) statements to definitive recommendations.
  • To assess the role of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as a funder in this evidence generation process.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed 11 USPSTF "Insufficient Evidence" statements updated between 2010 and 2019.
  • Characterized study designs, bibliometric influence (relative citation ratios), and funding sources of articles in USPSTF evidence reviews.
  • Analyzed data on NIH funding proportions and article quality.

Main Results:

  • Most "Insufficient Evidence" statements (82%) were upgraded to a "B" grade, with an average of 8.4 years for the transition.
  • The National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded 28.8% of articles on average, with NIH-funded research showing higher quality study designs (39.0% vs. 24.4%) and greater bibliometric influence (mean RCR 14.78 vs. 5.07).
  • Randomized controlled trial (RCT) designs were similarly reported in both NIH-funded and non-NIH-funded articles.

Conclusions:

  • The National Institutes of Health (NIH) was the primary funder for evidence informing changes in USPSTF "Insufficient Evidence" statements.
  • While study designs and funding varied, NIH played a significant role in supporting high-impact research. Enhanced efforts are needed from NIH and stakeholders to address evidence gaps for "Insufficient Evidence" statements.