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Revisiting presenteeism to broaden its conceptualization: A qualitative study.

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Presenteeism in small enterprises (SEs) is driven by various factors, including work pressure and a supportive environment. It can also serve as a coping mechanism, helping individuals stay active and socially connected.

Keywords:
Conceptualizationmotivational factorspositive factorspsychosocial riskssmall enterprises (SEs)

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Area of Science:

  • Organizational Behavior
  • Occupational Health Psychology

Background:

  • Presenteeism is typically viewed as a negative outcome of organizational or individual dysfunction.
  • Its potential as a response to positive triggers remains underexplored, especially in small enterprises (SEs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the multifaceted factors influencing presenteeism within small and medium enterprises (SMEs).
  • To specifically examine presenteeism dynamics in the context of SEs, considering both positive and negative drivers.

Main Methods:

  • A qualitative methodology was employed for an in-depth analysis.
  • Seventeen semi-structured interviews were conducted with employees and owner-managers in SEs (20-49 employees).

Main Results:

  • Thematic analysis revealed presenteeism is linked to work pressure, individual constraints and commitment, and organizational/individual characteristics.
  • A congenial work environment emerged as a significant factor.
  • Presenteeism can function as a self- "therapy" to avoid focusing on illness, maintain activity, and prevent social isolation.

Conclusions:

  • This study offers a novel, in-depth examination of presenteeism triggers in SEs, moving beyond traditional negative interpretations.
  • Findings contribute to a more holistic understanding of presenteeism, expanding theoretical knowledge in the field.