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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
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Cross-Dialectal Novel Word Learning and Borrowing.

Junru Wu1,2, Wei Zheng1, Mengru Han1

  • 1Laboratory of Language Cognition and Evolution, Department of Chinese Language and Literature, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.

Frontiers in Psychology
|October 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bilingualism, even in unrelated dialects, enhances adults' ability to borrow and establish new words across Chinese dialects. This linguistic flexibility involves distinct memory processes for dialectal variants.

Keywords:
bilingualismdialectlexical borrowinglexical processingword learning

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Sociolinguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Cross-dialectal word borrowing is crucial for linguistic adaptation and evolution.
  • Understanding the cognitive mechanisms of loanword establishment is key to psycholinguistics.
  • The influence of bilingualism and linguistic experience on lexical borrowing remains under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cognitive processes behind cross-dialectal word borrowing in Standard Chinese-Shanghainese.
  • To examine how short-term and long-term linguistic experience impact lexical borrowing.
  • To compare the borrowing behaviors of bilinguals and monolinguals.

Main Methods:

  • An auditory lexical learning and borrowing experiment was conducted.
  • Participants included Standard Chinese-Shanghainese bilinguals, Standard Chinese monolinguals, and bilinguals of Standard Chinese and other dialects.
  • Both comprehension and production of borrowed words were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Early and proficient bilingualism offers a protective effect on cross-dialectal lexical borrowing.
  • Bilinguals create distinct lexical representations for dialectal variants, while monolinguals assimilate them.
  • Bilinguals utilize etymologically related morphemes for novel word creation, unlike monolinguals.

Conclusions:

  • Dialectal variability enriches short-term lexical experience, facilitating borrowing.
  • Long-term bilingualism and short-term exposure collectively influence lexical evolution.
  • Proficient bilingualism supports cognitive flexibility in adapting to new linguistic inputs.