Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

16.1K
Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
16.1K
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

3.6K
In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
3.6K
Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

19.0K
Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds,...
19.0K
Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

5.8K
Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
5.8K
Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols02:32

Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols

15.3K
Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon. Phenols are a class of alcohols containing a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring. The physical properties of the alcohols and phenols are influenced by hydrogen bonding due to the oxygen–hydrogen dipole in the hydroxy functional group and dispersion forces between alkyl or aryl regions of alcohol and phenol molecules.
Alcohols possess a higher boiling point than aliphatic hydrocarbons of...
15.3K
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

2.9K
Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
2.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Silicone-Foam Passive Air Samplers for Combined Target and Nontarget Chemical Profiling and Toxicity Assessment of Airborne Exposomes.

Environmental science & technology·2026
Same author

A needle in the haystack: Single-cell omics of the distinct xylem differentiation programs in gymnosperms and angiosperms.

The Plant cell·2025
Same author

Physiological roles of lignins - tuning cell wall hygroscopy and biomechanics.

The New phytologist·2025
Same author

Proximity labeling techniques for protein-protein interaction mapping in plants.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2025
Same author

Root tip regeneration: Yet another feather in FERONIA's cap.

The Plant cell·2025
Same author

A helping hand: XND1-DOF4.6 interaction modulates Arabidopsis drought tolerance.

The Plant cell·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Pattern-Triggered Oxidative Burst and Seedling Growth Inhibition Assays in Arabidopsis thaliana
04:11

Pattern-Triggered Oxidative Burst and Seedling Growth Inhibition Assays in Arabidopsis thaliana

Published on: May 21, 2019

13.4K

Phenoloxidases in Plants-How Structural Diversity Enables Functional Specificity.

Leonard Blaschek1, Edouard Pesquet1

  • 1Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|October 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Polyphenolic metabolism in plants relies on diverse phenoloxidases, not homologous gene families. This review explores phenoloxidase diversity, focusing on laccases (LACs) to link their structure, function, and evolution.

Keywords:
bayesian phylogenylaccaseligninperoxidasepolyphenol oxidasepolyphenolic polymersprotein modelling

More Related Videos

Multi-enzyme Screening Using a High-throughput Genetic Enzyme Screening System
08:10

Multi-enzyme Screening Using a High-throughput Genetic Enzyme Screening System

Published on: August 8, 2016

9.0K
Anaerobic Protein Purification and Kinetic Analysis via Oxygen Electrode for Studying DesB Dioxygenase Activity and Inhibition
08:31

Anaerobic Protein Purification and Kinetic Analysis via Oxygen Electrode for Studying DesB Dioxygenase Activity and Inhibition

Published on: October 3, 2018

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Pattern-Triggered Oxidative Burst and Seedling Growth Inhibition Assays in Arabidopsis thaliana
04:11

Pattern-Triggered Oxidative Burst and Seedling Growth Inhibition Assays in Arabidopsis thaliana

Published on: May 21, 2019

13.4K
Multi-enzyme Screening Using a High-throughput Genetic Enzyme Screening System
08:10

Multi-enzyme Screening Using a High-throughput Genetic Enzyme Screening System

Published on: August 8, 2016

9.0K
Anaerobic Protein Purification and Kinetic Analysis via Oxygen Electrode for Studying DesB Dioxygenase Activity and Inhibition
08:31

Anaerobic Protein Purification and Kinetic Analysis via Oxygen Electrode for Studying DesB Dioxygenase Activity and Inhibition

Published on: October 3, 2018

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Plant biochemistry and molecular biology
  • Enzymology and protein structure-function relationships
  • Evolutionary biology and bioinformatics

Background:

  • Polyphenolic polymers are crucial for plant development and environmental adaptation.
  • Unlike other biopolymers, polyphenolic metabolism involves heterogeneous phenoloxidases, not homologous gene families.
  • Phenoloxidases exhibit significant diversity in protein structure, reaction mechanisms, substrate specificity, and functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the differences and similarities among phenoloxidases.
  • To analyze laccases (LACs) as a model system to link structure, function, and evolution.
  • To develop a framework for understanding functional diversity within phenoloxidase families.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analysis of enzyme kinetics for laccases.
  • Comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of phenoloxidases.
  • Machine-learning based protein structure modeling.
  • Comparative analysis of protein structure, reaction mechanisms, and substrate specificity.

Main Results:

  • Identified key differences and similarities in protein structure, reaction mechanisms, and functional roles of phenoloxidases.
  • Established a framework linking laccase structure, evolution, and function, explaining paralog diversity.
  • Highlighted potential for undiscovered laccase functions and provided insights into their evolutionary trajectories.

Conclusions:

  • Phenoloxidases, particularly laccases, display remarkable functional diversity crucial for plant primary and secondary metabolism.
  • Understanding phenoloxidase evolution and functional specificities is essential for plant science.
  • This review offers a foundation for further research into the complex world of plant polyphenolic metabolism.