Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

359
Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
359
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

522
Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
522
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

804
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
804
Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake01:21

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake

1.3K
Certain drugs can affect how neurotransmitters called catecholamines, are released or taken back up in the adrenergic neuron. They can have different effects on the body's sympathetic transmission. Reserpine, a natural compound found in the Rauwolfia shrub, blocks a transporter called vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), which leads to a buildup of catecholamines in the cell and reduces sympathetic transmission. Another drug called guanethidine works in multiple ways, including blocking...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated alcohol-related liver disease in human immunodeficiency virus.

World journal of virology·2026
Same author

Editorial: The MASLD spectrum: an emerging epidemic of cardiometabolic and extra-hepatic dimensions.

Frontiers in epidemiology·2026
Same author

A Review of Therapies for Primary Biliary Cholangitis.

Gastroenterology & hepatology·2026
Same author

A comprehensive narrative review of artificial intelligence use in the diagnosis and management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Translational gastroenterology and hepatology·2026
Same author

Red cell distribution width to albumin ratio (RAR) as a predictor of clinical outcomes and in-hospital mortality in acute gastrointestinal bleeding: a retrospective analysis.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)·2026
Same author

Burden and Impact of Pneumococcal Pneumonia on Outcomes in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Nationwide Analysis.

Gastroenterology research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Functional Evaluation of Biological Neurotoxins in Networked Cultures of Stem Cell-derived Central Nervous System Neurons
15:05

Functional Evaluation of Biological Neurotoxins in Networked Cultures of Stem Cell-derived Central Nervous System Neurons

Published on: February 5, 2015

9.5K

Cefepime-Induced Neurotoxicity.

Tanjot Saini1, Monica N Gaines1, Aalam Sohal1

  • 1Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Fresno, USA.

Cureus
|October 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Even with adjusted doses for kidney function, cefepime can cause neurotoxicity in renal transplant patients. This case highlights the need for careful monitoring of mental status during cefepime treatment.

Keywords:
cefepimecefepime induced neurotoxicitycefepime-induced neurotoxicitycefepime-induced seizureshemodialysiskidney failurekidney transplantnon-convulsive status epilepticuspostoperative deliriumpseudomonas infections

More Related Videos

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
06:51

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Published on: December 10, 2016

12.8K
Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement
06:58

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement

Published on: June 25, 2016

19.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Functional Evaluation of Biological Neurotoxins in Networked Cultures of Stem Cell-derived Central Nervous System Neurons
15:05

Functional Evaluation of Biological Neurotoxins in Networked Cultures of Stem Cell-derived Central Nervous System Neurons

Published on: February 5, 2015

9.5K
Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
06:51

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Published on: December 10, 2016

12.8K
Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement
06:58

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement

Published on: June 25, 2016

19.5K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Nephrology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cefepime is a broad-spectrum antibiotic frequently used for bacterial infections.
  • Renal impairment, including in transplant recipients, increases cefepime accumulation risk.
  • Standard guidelines recommend dose adjustments based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to prevent toxicity.

Observation:

  • A rare case of cefepime-induced neurotoxicity occurred in a hospitalized patient with chronic renal transplant rejection.
  • The patient received cefepime dosed according to renal function (renal-dose cefepime).
  • Neurotoxicity manifested as delirium, feeding intolerance, and non-convulsive status epilepticus despite dose adjustment.

Findings:

  • Renal-dosing of cefepime may not be sufficient to prevent neurotoxicity in all patients with renal dysfunction.
  • Accumulation of cefepime metabolites might occur even with adjusted doses, leading to atypical presentations.
  • This case underscores the potential for cefepime neurotoxicity despite adherence to current dosing guidelines.

Implications:

  • Continuous neurological monitoring is crucial for patients receiving cefepime, especially those with renal impairment or transplant.
  • Current renal dosing guidelines for cefepime may require re-evaluation for specific patient populations.
  • Further research into cefepime neurotoxicity incidence and mechanisms is warranted to improve patient safety.