Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

3.6K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
3.6K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

5.6K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
5.6K
Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

237
Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
237
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

36
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
36
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

373
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
373
Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory01:23

Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory

1.5K
Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
 Glutamate and Synaptic Plasticity
Glutamate, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, is...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Therapeutic effect of intranasal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in the restoration of olfactory dysfunction.

Experimental & molecular medicine·2026
Same author

The developing tendon and enthesis are hypoxic and rely on hypoxia-inducible factor 1a during postnatal development.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Correction: Synergistic protective and regenerative effects of hyaluronic acid and polynucleotides against UVA-induced oxidative stress in dermal fibroblasts.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Anti-senescence Effects of Nanovesicles Derived from Cluster of Differentiation-146-Positive Tonsil Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Modulation of the Tumor Protein 53 Pathway.

Biomaterials research·2026
Same author

Single-Port Robotic Pulmonary Resection for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy.

European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery·2026
Same author

GCC2 in Small Extracellular Vesicles as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker of Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Journal of extracellular vesicles·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse
04:05

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

555

Does Hormone Supplementation With Levothyroxine Improve Hypothyroid Impaired Cognitive Dysfunction?

Davuluri Uma1, Rizwan Rabbani2, Jun Hee Lee1

  • 1Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology (CIBNP), Fairfield, USA.

Cureus
|October 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Levothyroxine (LT-4) treatment may improve cognitive function and potentially reverse memory loss in individuals with hypothyroidism. Further research is recommended to confirm its role in dementia prevention.

Keywords:
cognitive impairmentdementiahypothyroidlevothyroxinethyroxine

More Related Videos

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions
07:30

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions

Published on: April 23, 2021

3.2K
Modulating Cognition Using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Cerebellum
11:47

Modulating Cognition Using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Cerebellum

Published on: February 15, 2015

29.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse
04:05

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

555
Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions
07:30

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions

Published on: April 23, 2021

3.2K
Modulating Cognition Using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Cerebellum
11:47

Modulating Cognition Using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Cerebellum

Published on: February 15, 2015

29.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Hypothyroidism affects 5% of US adults, with levothyroxine (LT-4) being a common treatment.
  • The impact of LT-4 on dementia prevention remains unclear, despite thyroid hormones' known role in brain function.
  • Poor thyroid function is linked to cognitive impairment, mood disturbances, and psychiatric symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the existing literature on the effect of levothyroxine on dementia.
  • To synthesize findings regarding the association between thyroid health and cognitive function.
  • To explore the potential of LT-4 in mitigating cognitive decline.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, etc.) and gray literature.
  • Two independent investigators screened titles, abstracts, and extracted data from eligible studies.
  • Six studies (case-control, longitudinal, cross-sectional, RCTs) with moderate to low risk of bias were included.

Main Results:

  • Five out of six reviewed studies indicated a positive effect of levothyroxine (LT-4) on dementia.
  • LT-4 treatment may reverse memory deficits by restoring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), and GABA levels.
  • A significant association exists between thyroid health and cognitive functions like information processing and executive function.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with hypothyroidism should be screened for cognitive dysfunction and considered for LT-4 treatment.
  • Restoring TSH, T4, and GABA concentrations may explain LT-4's positive impact on memory.
  • Further multi-dose, randomized, placebo-controlled trials are necessary to definitively assess LT-4's role in dementia risk reduction.