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Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Enhancing the Engraftment of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Cardiomyocytes via a Transient Inhibition of Rho Kinase Activity
Published on: July 10, 2019
4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal Promotes Cardiomyocyte Necroptosis via Stabilizing Receptor-Interacting Serine/Threonine-Protein
Xiaoxuan Zhai1,2,3,4,5,6, Wenjun Wang1,2,3,4,5,6,7, Shukun Sun1,2,3,4,5,6
1Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Abstract:
Background: Necroptosis is a vital regulator of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Meanwhile, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) is abundantly increased during MI/R injury. However, whether 4-HNE induces cardiomyocyte necroptosis during MI/R remains unknown. Methods: To observe the relationship between 4-HNE and necroptosis during MI/R, C57BL/6 mice and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2-transgenic (ALDH2-Tg) mice were both exposed to left anterior descending artery ligation surgery to establish MI/R injury models. For further study, isolated mouse hearts and H9c2 cells were both treated with 4-HNE to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Results: Necroptosis and 4-HNE were both upregulated in I/R-injured hearts. Cardiomyocyte necroptosis was significantly decreased in I/R-injured hearts from ALDH2-Tg mice as compared with that of wild-type mice. In vitro studies showed that necroptosis was enhanced by 4-HNE perfusion in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Knockdown of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIP1) using small interfering RNA (siRNA) prevented 4-HNE-induced cardiomyocyte necroptosis, manifesting that RIP1 played a key role in the upregulation of cell necroptosis by 4-HNE. Further studies found that 4-HNE reduced the protein degradation of RIP1 by preventing K48-polyubiquitination of RIP1. Conclusion: 4-HNE contributes to cardiomyocyte necroptosis by regulating ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation of RIP1.
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