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A case report of multi-system inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) associated with heart failure
Nitish Mittal1, Mostafa Abohelwa2, Joshua Brogan2
1Texas Tech University Health Science Center, School of Medicine, Class 2022, 3601 4th Street STOP 9410, Lubbock, TX 79430-9410, USA.
Insights
Multi-system inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is a rare condition following COVID-19 infection. Early diagnosis and immune-modulatory treatment are crucial for managing MIS-A, particularly in patients with cardiac involvement.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric and Adult Infectious Diseases
- Cardiology
- Immunology
Background:
- Multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a serious condition causing inflammation in organs like the heart and kidneys, often linked to COVID-19.
- While MIS-C is documented in children, multi-system inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is less common, with limited reported cases.
- This study focuses on a MIS-A case in a young adult, highlighting the need for recognition in this demographic.
Background:
Multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a systemic inflammatory condition where various body organs, such as the heart, kidney, gastrointestinal organs, become inflamed. Several cases have been reported in children linking MIS-C with novel corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19); however, few cases have been reported in adults [multi-system inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A)].
Case Summary:
A case of a 20-year-old male patient with a history of COVID-19 infection 2 months before presentation who presented with fever and acute right lower quadrant pain. Workup revealed right-sided mesenteric lymphadenopathy and mild colitis that was non-responsive to antibiotics. The patient was found to have significantly elevated inflammatory markers. He also developed myocarditis resulting in acute systolic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The diagnosis of MIS-A was made by exclusion. The patient showed improvement with intravenous immunoglobulin and pulse steroids. Based on the available literature, MIS-C was defined till the age of 21; however, we think it is a misnomer for adults more than 18. Hence, we prefer to use MIS-A for our patient.
Conclusion:
It is essential to diagnose and treat patients with the multi-system inflammatory syndrome at an early stage; the management of these patients, especially with heart disease, should include immune-modulatory therapy as well as guideline-directed therapy.
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